Alessio Iocchi, “Informality, regulation and predation : Governing Déby’s Chad” in Politique africaine Volume 154, Issue 2, May 2019, pages 179 to 197

The broad range of phenomena, instruments and domains that constitute “informality” inherently raises questions about the validity of the dichotomy between formal and informal sectors. The distinction lacks clear boundaries : unregulated labor-intensive activities, self-employed entrepreneurs, small-scale enterprises, small money-lenders and micro-credit activities, undeclared border trade, smuggling, bribery and flexible contracts are often defined as “informal” through the criterion of form, which brings implicit organizational features into the mix.

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